Preface to the 1914 Edition Introduction I.-II. Mutual Aid Among Animals III. Mutual Aid Among Savages IV. Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians V.-VI. Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City VII.-VIII. Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves Conclusion Appendix A I. Swarms of Butterflies, Dragon-flies, etc. II. The Ants III. Nesting Associations IV. Sociability of Animals V. Checks to Over-Multiplication VI. Adaptations to Avoid Competition VII. The Origin of the Family VIII. Destruction of Private Property on the Grave IX. The "Undivided Family" X. The Origin of the Guilds XI. The Market and the Mediaeval City XII. Mutual-Aid Arrangements in the Villages of Netherlands at the Present Day Appendix B The Struggle for Existence in Human Society by Thomas H. Huxley Index