"The book is thought-provoking, even at times profound. . . . I hope this book will be widely read. It combines the combustible power of a keen intellect with powerful conviction and ethical courage. Scientists are trained to create the illusion of objectivity by hiding their hopes and expectations. Roughgarden tries a different approach, openly injecting her reasoned convictions and policy agenda into her analyses. I don't agree with all of her conclusions, but she has written an important and honest book about a subject that matters."--"American Scientist"

Introduction: Diversity Denied PART ONE: ANIMAL RAINBOWS 1 Sex and Diversity 2 Sex versus Gender 3 Sex within Bodies 4 Sex Roles 5 Two-Gender Families 6 Multiple-Gender Families 7 Female Choice 8 Same-Sex Sexuality 9 The Theory of Evolution PART TWO: HUMAN RAINBOWS 10 An Embryonic Narrative 11 Sex Determination 12 Sex Differences 13 Gender Identity 14 Sexual Orientation 15 Psychological Perspectives 16 Disease versus Diversity 17 Genetic Engineering versus Diversity PART THREE: CULTURAL RAINBOWS 18 Two-Spirits, Mahu, and Hijras 19 Transgender in Historical Europe and the Middle East 20 Sexual Relations in Antiquity 21 Tomboi, Vestidas, and Guevedoche 22 Trans Politics in the United States Appendix: Policy Recommendations Notes Index